![]() Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. Despite the lack of a consistent definition, PTA is widely used as a construct in neurosurgical practice to guide decision-making and prognosis. ![]() A plausible mechanism for a TBI must be demonstrable, and other causes of amnesia excluded. Of patients hospitalised for traumatic brain injury (TBI), most pass through a state of altered consciousness known as 'post-traumatic amnesia' (PTA). The nature of the head injury, including observers' accounts, clinical and neuroimaging data, the possible role of other external injuries, blood loss, acute stress disorder and the potential for hypoxic brain injury, must be taken into account as well as concomitant alcohol or substance abuse, and systemic shock. PTA by itself is only one of several indices of severity of TBI. The PTA syndrome affects the categorical autobiographical memory, and is accompanied by confusion as an essential component this should be suspected from the initial or early Glasgow Coma Scale score (13-14/15) if not directly recorded by clinical staff. The condition also may be traced to severe emotional shock. Amnesia may be anterograde, in which events following the causative trauma or disease are forgotten, or retrograde, in which events preceding the causative event are forgotten. Repeated assessments of the post-injury state, involving tests for continuing amnesia, risk promoting recall of events suggested by the examiner, or generating confabulations. amnesia, loss of memory occurring most often as a result of damage to the brain from trauma, stroke, Alzheimer disease, alcohol and drug toxicity, or infection. This is relevant in clinical and medicolegal settings. These include analgesics, anaesthesia required for surgery, and the development of acute or post-traumatic stress disorder. Retrospective assessment of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) must take into account factors other than traumatic brain injury (TBI) which may impact on memory both at the time of injury and subsequent to the injury.
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